A. India
The invention of Chess has been attributed to the Indians by the Persians. Abu al-Hasan 'Ali al-Mas'udi, an early Islam historian, provided scholarly details of the game as it was played in India and Persia. He details the use of chess as a tool for warfare strategy, mathematical calculations, gambling and even its vague association with astronomy. Mas'udi notes that Ivory was chiefly used for the production of chess and backgammon pieces, and asserts that the game was introduced from India to Persia along with the book Kelileh va Demneh during the reign of Persian emperor Anushirwan.
- The precursors of chess originated in India during the Gupta empire where its early form in the 6th century was known as chaturaṅga, which translates as "four divisions [of the military]": infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry, represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.Chaturanga reached Europe through Persia, the Byzantine empire and the expanding Arabian empire.
- The first modern chess tournament was held in London in 1851 and won, surprisingly, by German Adolf Anderssen relatively unknown at the time
- Wilhelm Steinitz, the first World Chess Champion( 1886 at the first official World Chess Championship )
- The 20th century saw great leaps forward in chess theory and the establishment of the World Chess Federation (FIDE)founded in 1924 in paris.
- In 1927, Women's World Chess Championship was established; the first to hold it was Czech-English master Vera Menchik.
- Viswanathan Anand(India )is World Chess Champion 2010.Viswanathan Anand defeated Veselin Topalov 6,5:5,5 in their WCC 2010 match in Sofia.,Bulgaria.
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